Toenail Fungus: Top 5 Common Causes and How to Prevent It

Toenails often go unnoticed and unappreciated. While we occasionally trim and paint them for a touch of color in the summer, they typically remain one of the less captivating aspects of our anatomy. It's safe to assume that very few people think about their toenails until a problem like toenail fungus arises.

Whether we like it or not, we share our daily lives with various microorganisms, like yeast and fungi. Most of these microorganisms coexist with us harmlessly, inhabiting our bodies, both on and within. 

However, some can overpopulate and lead to infections, resulting in symptoms ranging from mild, painless itching to unpleasant odors.

What Is This Condition?

Medically known as onychomycosis, this condition encompasses a group of microorganisms capable of infecting one or more of your toenails.

Typically, this infection takes hold through a superficial cut, crack, or opening near the toenail. It gives the fungus an entry point to invade and propagate, ultimately leading to a fungus toenail infection.

The severity of these infections can vary widely, with some being mild and hardly discernible. In contrast, others can become severe, impacting multiple toenails and resulting in pain or even deformation of the nails.

Are There Different Types of Toenail Fungal Infections?

Toenail fungal infections come in various forms. Here are the four primary categories:

Distal Subungual

This type represents one of the most prevalent toenail fungal infections, responsible for most toenail infection cases. It is typically brought about by dermatophytes, the same fungi behind conditions like athlete's foot. These types of toenail fungus exclusively thrive in keratin-producing structures, such as hair follicles and nails.

White Superficial

In contrast, white superficial onychomycosis is caused by non-dermatophyte microorganisms. It targets the surface layers of the nail rather than affecting the follicles.

Candida

This unique variant of toenail fungi stems from an overgrowth of yeast. It's considered the least common among toenail fungal infections, though some studies suggest its prevalence may increase.

Proximal Subungual

Dermatophytes are responsible for this type of infection, which primarily affects the base of the nail and sometimes extends to the upper part of the foot. Interestingly, this variant tends to be more frequent in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Top 5 Common Causes

Toenail fungus can affect anyone, but certain factors, such as age, underlying health conditions, and a weakened immune system, can increase the susceptibility to fungal infections. Proper foot hygiene and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of it.

Knowing what causes them is a good place to start treating them. Go over this list of five common causes of this condition. 

1. Fungal Infections

Fungi, particularly dermatophytes, are the primary culprits behind toenail fungus. These fungi love warm and moist environments, making feet enclosed in shoes and socks an ideal breeding ground.

2. Athlete's Foot

An athlete's foot can spread to the toenails. If left untreated, it can lead to fungus toenail infection. 

3. Poor Foot Hygiene

Poor foot hygiene, including neglecting to keep your feet dry and clean, can increase the risk of its development. Fungi tend to thrive in moist environments.

4. Nail Trauma

Injuries to the toenail can create openings that allow fungi to enter and infect the nail.

5. Shoes and Socks

Wearing tight-fitting shoes and non-breathable socks can create a moist environment where fungi can flourish. Additionally, shared footwear in public places like gyms or pools can increase the risk of fungal exposure.

Is Nail Fungus Serious? When to See a Doctor

Nail fungus is usually not life-threatening but can affect your nails' appearance. Early-stage toenail fungus is a common issue, affecting around 14% of the population at some point. Anyone can get nail fungus, but older individuals with certain health conditions or specific jobs or hobbies might be more at risk.

Unfortunately, nail fungus doesn't typically go away on its own. Some mild cases can be managed with home remedies, but if the symptoms persist for months or become painful, it's a good idea to consult a healthcare provider. Ignoring nail fungus could lead to lasting nail damage.

Best Treatment for Toenail Fungus

Over-the-counter products aren't recommended for treating nail infections due to their inconsistent results. Instead, your doctor may opt for prescription oral antifungal medications, such as:

• Fluconazole 

• Griseofulvin 

• Itraconazole 

• Terbinafine 

Alternatively, your doctor might recommend other antifungal treatments like antifungal nail lacquer or topical solutions. These treatments are applied to the affected nail, like nail polish.

The treatment duration can change depending on the specific fungus responsible for the infection and the severity of the condition. In many cases, you may need to use these medications for several months. Topical solutions are generally less effective in completely curing toenail fungal infections.

Home Remedies for Toenail Fungus

You can avoid nail fungal infections by making a few easy lifestyle changes. Take good care of your nails — keep them clean and trim. It's also important not to injure the skin around your nails. Consider wearing rubber gloves if you'll have wet hands for a while. To further prevent nail fungal infections:

• Wash your hands after touching infected nails.

• Dry your feet thoroughly after showering.

• If you get manicures or pedicures, make sure it's at a reputable salon.

• Avoid going barefoot in public places.

• Use artificial nails and nail polish sparingly.

These steps in toenail fungus treatment can help keep your nails healthy and fungus-free.

Get Urgent and Efficient Foot Care Now

Prime Foot and Ankle Specialists is committed to providing top-notch, urgent, and efficient foot care. Our experienced specialists are ready to address your foot concerns with expertise and care. Whether you're dealing with a painful injury, fungal infections, or any other foot-related issue, we've got you covered. 

Your feet deserve the best care — we're here to deliver it. Take the first step toward healthier, pain-free, toenail fungus-free feet today. 

Schedule an appointment with Prime Foot and Ankle Specialists and experience the relief and comfort you deserve. Your feet will thank you.